Military cemeteries created after the First World War did not all follow one model. The national characteristics of cemeteries can be seen in grave shapes, plants, religious signs, monuments, and burial rules. France, Britain, and Germany built remembrance places in…
Arras had lived close to the front for years, and by spring 1917 the ruined town became the center of a large British attack. The Battle of Arras in April 1917 combined underground preparation, heavy bombardment, and attacks toward Vimy,…
The German Spring Offensive of 1918 became dangerous very quickly because the British front was hit with surprise, strong numbers, and new assault methods. Kaiserschlacht was meant to create a decisive result before American forces became fully strong in Europe.…
Life under occupation created different kinds of resistance in Lille, Roubaix, Tourcoing, and nearby towns. Resistance to the first German occupation did not depend on one organization or one method. People watched railways, carried messages, helped soldiers escape, and printed…